Medieval Times Costumes For Women

A Deep Dive into Medieval Women's Costumes: Fabrics, Styles, and Social Significance

The medieval period, spanning roughly from the 5th to the 15th century, wasn't a monolithic era of fashion. Costumes for women varied dramatically across regions, social classes, and even time periods within this vast historical span. This article explores the fascinating world of medieval women's clothing, delving into the fabrics, styles, and social connotations of their garments. Understanding these aspects offers a richer appreciation for the lives and complexities of women in the Middle Ages.

Introduction: The Complexity of Medieval Fashion

When we picture medieval women, images of long, flowing gowns often spring to mind. While this is partially accurate, the reality is far more nuanced. Medieval women's clothing wasn't a uniform style; it reflected social standing, geographic location, occupation, and even personal taste (within the constraints of the period). The garments worn by a peasant woman in rural England differed significantly from those of a noblewoman in the French court. This complexity makes studying medieval women's fashion a rewarding journey of discovery.

Fabrics: The Foundation of Medieval Garments

The fabrics available dictated the styles and comfort levels of medieval garments. The most common materials included:

• Linen: A versatile and relatively inexpensive fabric made from flax, linen was widely used by all social classes, albeit in varying qualities. Fine linen was prized by the wealthy, while coarser linen served the working classes.

• Wool: Another staple fabric, especially in cooler climates. Wool provided warmth and durability, making it ideal for undergarments, outer robes, and even head coverings. The quality and color of wool varied greatly depending on the breed of sheep and processing techniques.

• Silk: A luxurious fabric imported from the East, silk was a status symbol worn primarily by the wealthy elite. Its shimmering texture and delicate drape made it ideal for elaborate gowns and accessories.

• Cotton: Less common than linen or wool in northern Europe, cotton was more readily available in southern regions. Its softness and breathability made it a comfortable choice for warmer weather.

• Fur: Essential for warmth in the colder months, fur was often used as trim on garments or as a lining for heavier robes. Different types of fur held varying levels of prestige, with sable and ermine considered highly luxurious.

Key Garments: A Closer Look at Medieval Women's Attire

Understanding the layering system is key to grasping medieval women's fashion. Garments were rarely worn alone; instead, they were layered to provide warmth, modesty, and a visually appealing effect.

1. Undergarments:

• Chemise: A linen undershirt, often loose-fitting and reaching the ankles. The chemise served as a base layer, providing comfort and absorbing perspiration. Its length and style varied depending on the era and the wearer's social standing.

• Braies/Hosen: Although less commonly depicted, women of all classes likely wore some form of underpants or drawers, particularly for warmth and modesty. These could be simple linen garments or more elaborate versions made from wool or other fabrics.

• Stomacher: A close-fitting undergarment that was worn over the chemise and under the outer gown or kirtle. Stomachers could provide additional warmth and shape to the bodice, and they often featured decorative details.

2. Outer Garments:

• Kirtle: A foundational garment for most women, the kirtle was a long, close-fitting tunic or dress. It usually reached the ankles or even trailed on the ground, and it could be made from a variety of fabrics, from simple linen to luxurious silk. The kirtle could be worn alone or as a base layer for other garments.

• Gown/Robe: The gown or robe was a loose-fitting outer garment that was worn over the kirtle. These garments were often very elaborate, featuring long sleeves, decorative trim, and luxurious fabrics. The style of the gown varied across different time periods and regions.

• Surcoat: A sleeveless outer garment worn over the kirtle and gown. Surcoats were often richly decorated with embroidery, heraldry, or fur trim.

• Mantle/Peytrel: A cloak or cape worn for warmth and protection from the elements. Mantles and peytrels could be made from wool, fur, or other heavy fabrics, and they were often fastened at the neck or shoulders with a brooch or clasp.

3. Headwear:

Head coverings were essential for women in the medieval period, reflecting both modesty and social status. Popular choices included:

• Wimple: A linen cloth that framed the face, often worn under a veil or hood. The wimple was particularly popular among religious women.

• Veil: A piece of cloth worn over the head and shoulders. The veil's length and style could indicate social status, with more elaborate veils indicating higher rank.

• Head-rail/Headband: Simpler head coverings that often held the hair in place. Head-rails or headbands could be decorative or functional.

• Hennin: The iconic tall, cone-shaped headpiece associated with the late medieval period (15th century), particularly among noblewomen.

Social Significance: Clothing as a Status Marker

Medieval clothing was a powerful indicator of social class and status. The quality of the fabric, the complexity of the garments, and the presence of specific details (like fur trim or elaborate embroidery) all spoke volumes about the wearer's position in society. A wealthy noblewoman might wear a gown of richly embroidered silk, adorned with jewels and fur, while a peasant woman would wear a simple linen kirtle and a woolen cloak. Even the color of a garment could convey social information, with certain colors reserved for the nobility or clergy.

Furthermore, the style and cut of a garment could be used to signal marital status or religious affiliation. For example, the wimple was frequently associated with religious women, while the intricate hairstyles and elaborate headwear of noblewomen displayed their wealth and social standing.

Regional Variations: A Tapestry of Styles

Medieval fashion wasn't uniform across Europe. Regional differences played a significant role in the styles of clothing worn. The climate, local traditions, and available resources influenced the garments worn by women in different parts of Europe. For example, the clothing worn in the warmer climates of southern Europe often differed from that worn in the colder north.

Conclusion: Unveiling the Richness of Medieval Women's Fashion

Medieval women's costumes represent far more than mere clothing; they are powerful visual records of social hierarchies, regional variations, and individual expressions within the constraints of the era. While we may lack detailed visual records for many aspects, studying surviving garments, artwork, and written accounts reveals a rich and complex tapestry of fashion choices. By understanding the fabrics, the construction techniques, and the symbolic language of these garments, we gain a deeper appreciation for the lives and experiences of women during the Middle Ages. Their clothing tells a story of ingenuity, resilience, and the ongoing interplay between personal expression and societal expectations.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q: How did women wash their clothes in medieval times?

A: Washing clothes in medieval times was a laborious process. Clothes were typically washed in rivers or streams, using lye (made from wood ashes) or soap made from animal fats. Beating the clothes against rocks or using a washboard helped to remove dirt and grime.

Q: Did medieval women wear makeup?

A: While widespread use of makeup like today wasn't common, some forms of cosmetics were used by women in the medieval period. These included things like rouges made from natural ingredients to enhance the complexion.

Q: How long did it take to make a medieval gown?

A: The time required to create a medieval gown depended heavily on its complexity and the skill of the maker. A simple kirtle might take a few days, whereas an elaborate gown with intricate embroidery could take weeks, or even months.

Q: Where can I find more information on medieval women's fashion?

A: Numerous books and scholarly articles delve deeper into the topic. Museum collections also frequently feature medieval garments or recreations, offering visual insights into the styles and techniques of the period. Further research into specific regions and time periods within the medieval era will reveal even more nuanced aspects of the fashion of that era.